The Importance of Sleep

Sleep might seem as simple as closing your eyes and nodding off, but the truth is a lot more complicated. Modern medicine has an entire field devoted to understanding the intricacies of sleep, and if you’re struggling with getting enough ZZZs, it’s important to talk to your doctor about why.

Many factors can interfere with sleep, from stimulants like caffeine and alcohol to physical or mental health conditions, medications and aging. Getting too little sleep can also contribute to depression, anxiety and obesity. Fortunately, it’s possible to make positive changes to improve your rest and your mental and physical health, no matter what’s keeping you awake.

The most basic definition of sleep is a period of unconsciousness during which your body shuts down and repairs itself. Unlike hibernation or a coma, three criteria distinguish sleep from these other states: 1) a lack of overt goal-directed behaviour; 2) the presence of relaxed skeletal muscles; and 3) a characteristic posture of horizontal repose (although the latter is sometimes violated in cases of sleepwalking). It’s also clear that you are not totally unaware during sleep; marine mammals have been seen to surface for air, and you can still be awakened by the sound of your alarm clock or your partner calling your name.

For most people, the best way to get a good night’s sleep is simply to go to bed when they feel sleepy. The key is to keep distractions like TV and electronics to a minimum, and to follow a consistent routine that includes activities that will signal the brain it is time for sleep, such as reading. Avoiding caffeine, certain types of pain medication and alcohol before bedtime can help.

When you’re getting enough sleep, your memory is better and your learning ability is enhanced. You’re able to think more clearly, and research has shown that good sleep helps prevent depression, obesity, heart disease and even cancer. During sleep, your immune system fights off harmful germs and viruses.

Whether you’re an athlete, a student, a businessperson, a parent or a senior citizen, sleep is an essential part of your well-being. The key is to set a regular sleep schedule, and make sure you’re getting the recommended amount of hours each night. And remember: if you’re not sleeping, ask your doctor why — it could be a sign of underlying health problems or even an undiagnosed sleep disorder. A physician can recommend treatment options.